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@ŠC—m‚̃tƒƒ“ƒg‚ÍAˆÙ‚È‚é2‚‚̅‰òi…‰·A‰–•ªj‚Ì‹«ŠE‚ÉŒ`¬‚³‚ê‚Ü‚·B‚»‚̑唼‚ÍA–§“x‚Ì…•½“I‚ȕω»‚Å“Á’¥•t‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚Ü‚·B‘¦‚¿Ad‚½‚¢…‚ÆŒy‚¢…‚Ì‹«ŠE‚Å‚ ‚邯‚¢‚¦‚Ü‚·B @‚Æ‚±‚ë‚ÅAŠF‚³‚ñ‚ª‚¨•—˜C‚𕦂©‚·‚Æ‚«A—₽‚d‚½‚¢…‚͉º‚Ì‘w‚ÉA”M‚‚ÄŒy‚¢…‚Íã‚ÉW‚Ü‚é‚Í‚¸‚Å‚·B㉺‚ɬ‚º‚È‚¯‚ê‚ÎA‚Â‚Üæ‚ð“ü‚ꂽ‚Æ‚«u”M‚‚Ä“ü‚ꂽ‚à‚ñ‚¶‚á‚È‚¢‚âv‚ÆŽv‚¤‚̂ł·‚ªA‘«‚ð‰º‚Ü‚Å“ü‚ê‚Ä’ê‚Ì•û‚ª—₽‚¢‚Ì‚ÅA‹Á‚¢‚½ŒoŒ±‚ª‚ ‚é‚©‚à‚µ‚ê‚Ü‚¹‚ñB @‚±‚̂悤‚ÉAŽ„‚½‚¿‚ª•’i”Fޝ‚Å‚«‚éƒXƒP[ƒ‹‚Å‚Íd‚½‚¢…‚Í‘åŠTŒy‚¢…‚̉º‚É‘¶Ý‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B‚µ‚©‚µ‚µƒXƒP[ƒ‹‚ð‘å‚«‚‚Æ‚Á‚Ä‚Ý‚é‚ÆAd‚½‚¢…‚ÆŒy‚¢…‚ׂ͗臂킹‚Å‘¶Ý‚Å‚«‚é‚̂ł·B‚¨•—˜C‚ª\•ª‘å‚«‚¯‚ê‚ÎA‚ ‚é’n“_‚ł͒g‚©‚‚ĕʂÌꊂł͗₽‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª’èíó‘Ô‚Å‹N‚±‚肤‚é‚킯‚Å‚·B •sŽv‹c‚ȃoƒ‰ƒ“ƒX @Œy‚¢…‚ðd‚½‚¢…‚Ìã‚ɉŸ‚µL‚°‚é‚Ì‚ð–W‚°‚Ä‚¢‚é—͂͒n‹…‚ÌŽ©“]‚É‚æ‚Á‚͂܂ê‚Ü‚·B‚»‚ÌŒ©‚©‚¯‚̗͂̂±‚Æ‚ðƒRƒŠƒIƒŠ—͂ƌĂñ‚Å‚¢‚Ü‚·BƒRƒŠƒIƒŠ—͖͂k”¼‹…‚Å“®‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚镨‘̂̒¼Šp‰E•ûŒü‚É“‚«‚Ü‚·Bˆê•ûAŠC–Ê•t‹ß‚ÅŒy‚¢…‚ðd‚¢…‚Ìã‚ɉŸ‚µL‚°‚悤‚Æ‚·‚é—Í‚ÍAŒy‚¢…‚©‚çd‚¢…‚̂ق¤‚É“‚«‚Ü‚·BƒRƒŠƒIƒŠ—͂ƌy‚¢…‚ªd‚¢…‚Ìã‚ɉŸ‚µL‚°‚é—Í‚ªƒoƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚·‚邽‚ß‚ÉAƒtƒƒ“ƒgˆæ‚ł͌y‚¢…‚ð‰E‚ÉŒ©‚È‚ª‚ç—¬‚ê‚éƒWƒFƒbƒg—¬‚ª‘¶Ý‚µ‚Ü‚·B‚±‚̃oƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð’nt—¬ƒoƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚ƌĂт܂·BƒXƒP[ƒ‹‚̑傫‚È—¬‚ê‚Í‚±‚̃oƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚ª‘å‘̬‚è—§‚¿‚Ü‚·‚ªAƒXƒP[ƒ‹‚𬂳‚‚Æ‚Á‚Ä‚Ý‚Ä‚Ý‚é‚ÆA‚±‚̃oƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚Í•K‚¸‚µ‚ଂ藧‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邯‚Í‚¢‚¦‚Ü‚¹‚ñB “Á’¥“I‚ȉ”’¼—¬ @‚½‚Æ‚¦‚Ε’ª‘±—¬‚ÍAˆŸ”M‘ÑzŠÂ‚Ì–k’[‚É‚ ‚½‚èA’g‚©‚‚‰–•ª‚ÈŠC…‚Ɨ₽‚’ቖ•ª‚ÈŠC…‚Ƃ̊Ԃɂ ‚é‘Oü—¬‚Å‚·B‘Oüˆæ‚Í…•½“I‚È—¬‚ê‚ÌŒù”ziƒVƒAj‚âAŒXˆ³—¬‚É”º‚¤‰”’¼“I‚ȃVƒA‚Ì‘¶Ý‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä”ñí‚É•sˆÀ’è‚Å‚ ‚邽‚ßA—¬‚ꎩg‚ªŽÖs‚·‚髎¿‚ðŽ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B‚Ü‚½A“ì–k‚ÉŠg‘債‚½ŽÖs‚ÍA‚»‚ꂼ‚ê—â…‰Q‚â’g…‰Q‚ðŒ`¬‚µ‚Ü‚·B’g…‰Q‚â—â…‰Q‚Í‚»‚ê‚ç‚̃GƒbƒW•”•ª‚Åí‚Ƀtƒƒ“ƒg‚ª‘¶Ý‚·‚邽‚ßAŠC—mƒtƒƒ“ƒg‚͉Q‚Ì“®‘Ô‚ðŽx”z‚·‚éd—v‚È—v‘f‚Å‚ ‚邯Œ¾‚¦‚Ü‚·B @‹‚¢—¬‚ê‚Æ‘嬂̉QA‚»‚ê‚É”º‚¤ ‰”’¼“I‚ÈzŠÂ‚Å“Á’¥•t‚¯‚ç‚ê‚éŠC—mƒtƒƒ“ƒg‚ÍA…‰ò‚ÌŒ`¬AƒTƒu ƒ_ƒNƒVƒ‡ƒ“A—N¸—¬‚É”º‚¤‚‚¢’᎟¶ŽYA…‰·á•Çì—p‚É‚æ‚é•‚‹› ‚ÌWÏ‚ª”¶‚·‚éˆ×A”ñí‚Éd—v ‚ÈŠCˆæ‚Å‚·B ‚»‚±‚Å”¶‚·‚鉔’¼—¬‚Í”äŠr“I‘å‚«‚¢‚à‚̂̎À‘ª‚·‚é‚ɂͬ‚³‰ß‚¬A‚Ü‚½…•½—¬‚©‚ç‚݂̂̄’è‚ł͌뷂ª‘å‚«‚‚È‚è‚Ü‚·B‚±‚Ì‚½‚ßA]—ˆ‚©‚瀒nt—¬ƒ‚ƒfƒ‹iƒÖ•û’öŽ®j‚ð—p‚¢‚ĉ”’¼—¬‚Ì„’è ‚ªs‚í‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ü‚µ‚½B @—¬‚ê‚ð’nt—¬‚Æ‚»‚êˆÈŠO‚Ì—¬‚ê‚ɂ킯A’nt—¬‚É‚æ‚éˆÚ—¬‚݂̂ðl—¶‚µ‚½ê‡A‰”’¼—¬‚ð‘ȉ~Œ^•û’öŽ®‚ð‰ð‚‚±‚Ƃń’è‚Å‚«‚Ü‚·B‚±‚̂悤‚ȉ”’¼—¬‚ð„’è‚·‚éˆê˜A‚Ì€’nt—¬ƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚ðƒÖ•û’öŽ®‚Æ‚æ‚т܂·BƒÖ•û’öŽ®‚Í“–‰A‘å‹C‚̃tƒƒ“ƒg‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŠJ”‚³‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½B‘å‹C‘Oü‚ł̉”’¼—¬‚Í’¼Ú~‰JA~á‚Æ‚ÌŠÖ˜A‚ª‚ ‚è‹CÛ—\•ñ‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŠÏ“_‚©‚çA‰”’¼—¬‚ð„’è‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª”ñí‚Éd—v‚Å‚ ‚Á‚½‚©‚ç‚Å‚·B ‚±‚̂悤‚ȃ֕û’öŽ®‚ɂ͂³‚Ü‚´‚܂Ȃà‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B @‚Ü‚¸‘ã•\“I‚È‚à‚Ì‚ÍAQuasi-Geostrophic ƒ‚ƒfƒ‹‚Å‚±‚̃‚ƒfƒ‹‚̓ƒXƒr[”‚ª1‚æ‚è‚à‚©‚Ȃ謂³‚¢ê‡i’n‹…‚ÌŽ©“]‚ªd—v‚Å‚ ‚éê‡j‚ɂ̂ݗLŒø‚Å‚·Bƒ‚ƒfƒ‹’†‚Å‚ÍA’nt—¬‚É‚æ‚éˆÚ—¬‚ðl—¶‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B @ŽŸ‚ÉŠJ”‚³‚ꂽ‚Ì‚ÍSemi-Geostrophic Model‚Å‚·B‚±‚̃‚ƒfƒ‹‚Í”äŠr“IƒƒXƒr[”‚ª‘å‚«‚¢—̈æ‚Å‚à‚ ‚é’ö“xƒtƒƒ“ƒg‚̃ZƒJƒ“ƒ_ƒŠƒtƒ[‚ð‹Lq‚Å‚«‚郂ƒfƒ‹‚Å‚·B‚±‚̃‚ƒfƒ‹‚Å‚ÍA€’nt—¬¬•ª‚É‚æ‚éˆÚ—¬‚àl—¶‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚邽‚߃tƒƒ“ƒg‚ÌŽû‘©‚É‚æ‚é–§“x‚Ì‹óŠÔ“IŒù”z‚Ì‘‰Á‚ð”äŠr“I‘‚ÄŒ»‚Å‚«‚Ü‚·B‚Ü‚½AGeostrophic Coordinate ‚ƌĂ΂ê‚éA’nt—¬‘¬“x‚É‚»‚Á‚½À•W‚ð—p‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ÅQuasi-Geostrophic Model‚Ƃ܂Á‚½‚“¯Œ^‚Ì•û’öŽ®‚ɕό`‚Å‚«A•û’öŽ®‚ð‰ð‚‚Ì‚ð”ñí‚ÉŠÈ’P‚ɂł«‚é‚Ì‚ª“Á’¥‚Å‚·B‚µ‚©‚µ‚È‚ª‚çAGeostrophic Coordinate‚ł͗¬‘¬‚ª‘‚¢•”•ª‚Å‹óŠÔ‰ð‘œ“x‚ª•K‘R“I‚É—Ž‚¿‚鎖‚ɂȂè‚Ü‚·B ‚±‚̂ق©‚É‚à‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂ȃoƒ‰ƒ“ƒX•û’öŽ®‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·‚ªA‚»‚̂ǂê‚à‚ªÃ…ˆ³‹ßŽ—‚ð‚Æ‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B @ŠC—m‚ª”ñí‚É[‚¢‚͎̂–ŽÀ‚Å‚·B—¤ˆæ‚Ì•½‹Ï•W‚‚æ‚èA•½‹Ï…[‚̂ق¤‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚̂ł·B‚¿‚Ȃ݂ɕ½‹Ï…[‚Í–ñ4km‚É‚¨‚æ‚т܂·B‚Å‚à‚¿‚å‚Á‚Ƃ܂Á‚Ä‚‚¾‚³‚¢A4km‚È‚çŽÔ‚Å”ò‚΂¹‚΂à‚Ì‚Ì5•ª‚ł‚«‚Ü‚·B‚Å‚·‚ª‘¾•½—m‚ð‰¡’f‚·‚é‹——£‚ƂȂê‚΂»‚¤‚Í‚¢‚«‚Ü‚¹‚ñBŠC—m‚Ìc‰¡”ä‚Í1‘Î1000‚ÅA’f‘R‚É…•½“I‚È‹——£‚̂ق¤‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚̂ł·B‚±‚Ìc‰¡‚Ì”ä‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä…•½“I‚È—¬‚ê‚Æ‰”’¼“I‚È—¬‚ê‚̑傫‚³‚ð”ä‚ׂ½‚ç‚â‚Á‚ς肻‚Ì”ä‚Í1000‘Î1‚Å…•½—¬‚̂ق¤‚ª’f‘R‚ɑ傫‚‚È‚è‚Ü‚·B‚‚킦‚ÄAŠC—m‚Ì•\‘w‚ÍŒõ‚ª~‚è’‚¬’g‚ß‚ç‚ê‚Ü‚·‚ª[‘w‚͗₽‚ˆÃ•‚Ì¢ŠE‚Å‚·B–§“x‚ª”ñí‚ɈقȂé‚Ì‚Å㉺‚̑Η¬‚Í”ñí‚ÉŒÀ‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚«‚Ü‚·B‚É‚à‚©‚©‚í‚炸A¢ŠE‚ÌŠC—m‚͉”’¼“I‚È—¬‚ê‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂ɕω»‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B‚½‚Æ‚¦‚΃yƒ‹[‰«‚Ì—N¸—¬‚̓Gƒ‹ƒj[ƒjƒ‡Œ»Û‚Æ[‚‚©‚©‚í‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·B‚±‚̂悤‚ÉAŠC—m‚É‚¨‚¢‚Ä‚à‘å‹C‚Æ“¯—l‚ÉA‰”’¼—¬‚Í•¨—“I‚É”ñí‚Éd—v‚Ȃ̂ł·B‚³‚ç‚ÉAŠC—m‚̈ê”Ê“I‚Èc•ûŒü‚̉h—{‰–‚Ì•ª•z‚ÍA•\‘w‚łȂ‰º‘w‚Å‘½‚¢ŒXŒü‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B‚±‚ê‚͉º‘w‚Å•ª‰ðŽÒ‚ª•\‘w‚©‚ç—Ž‚¿‚Ä‚«‚½¶•¨‚ÌŽ€Š[‚Ȃǂð‰h—{‰–‚É•ª‰ð‚·‚邽‚߂ł·B‚µ‚½‚ª‚Á‚ĉ”’¼“I‚È—¬‚ê‚É‚æ‚Á‚ĉh—{‰–‚ª•\‘w‚Ö‹Ÿ‹‹‚³‚êA•\‘w‚̶•¨¶ŽY‚ðŒüコ‚¹‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·B Biological and Physical Impacts of Ageostrophic Frontal Circulation driven by Confluent Flows and Vertical MixingSubduction, upwelling, and phytoplankton blooms are commonly observed features at oceanic fronts. This study isolates the role of vertical mixing for enhanced production and water mass subduction near fronts, considering the time-developing problem with a Semi-Geostrophic circulation model coupled to a planktonic ecosystem model. Our model results show that vertical mixing in the surface boundary layer strongly modifies the time evolution of the front and of its associated biology. Ageostrophic flows caused by the combined effects of confluence and vertical mixing enhance primary production on the less dense side and increase water mass subduction on the dense side of the front. Confluence alone results in the intensification of the front by the same advective response, while the phytoplankton bloom on the less dense side does not arise without vertical mixing. Vertical mixing alone slumps the front near the surface and provides weak subduction on the dense side and uplift of the isopycnals at the center of the front. We find that it is possible to sustain an isolated phytoplankton patch above the domed isopycnals at the center of the front with the nutrients supplied by the secondary circulations arising due to vertical mixing. These results suggest that the phytoplankton bloom and patches found on the less dense side of fronts in many field observations are likely caused by fine scale along-isopycnal upwelling of nutrients forced by adiabatic confluence in the meander trough of fronts and further pumping and entrainment of nutrients by the secondary circulation due to vertical mixing. Isolated patches observed at the center of the front in many frontal surveys could be caused by secondary flows due to vertical mixing. |
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Last Update 09/16/2007